Electric BMW ActiveE Buyers are Varied - Automotive Digest

Electric BMW ActiveE Buyers are Varied

Green Car Reports - January 22, 2013

The writer set out to find out which cars were being traded in for the new elec?tric BMW ActivE, and the results of his ven?ture proved rather interesting.

Which vehi?cles were traded in for the elec?tric BMW?

Of the more than 50 dri?vers who responded?some say?ing what car the ActiveE had sup?planted, even if they didn?t actu?ally trade it in?the list var?ied a?lot.

Many ActiveE dri?vers came from the Mini E test, and had effec?tively swapped their elec?tric Mini Cooper for the elec?tric BMW, which is based on the 1-Series two-door sedan.

Beyond the Mini E, though, there were a num?ber of sedans, even a wagon or two, from Euro?pean brands (Audi, BMW, Saab, Volvo).

There was one Lin?coln LS, the early-2000s attempt by Ford?s lux?ury brand to pro?duce a mid-size lux?ury sport sedan. There was one Jeep Grand Chero?kee.

There were a few Toy?ota Priuses, a Honda Civic Hybrid (for the HOV-lane sticker, its owner can?didly admit?ted), a Mazda Miata, and a Sub?aru Out?back Sport. There was even a motorcycle.

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Source: http://automotivedigest.com/2013/01/electric-bmw-activee-buyers-are-varied/

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Large study confirms flu vaccine safe in pregnancy

FILE - In this Thursday, Oct. 29, 2009 file photo, Nicole Andreacchio, second right, who is seven months pregnant waits in line to receive the swine flu vaccine from the Montgomery County Health Department at Congregation Beth Or in Maple Glen, Pa. A large study released by the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2013 offers reassuring news for pregnant women worried about getting a flu shot. The research found no evidence that the vaccine increases the risk of losing a fetus, and may prevent some fetal deaths. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

FILE - In this Thursday, Oct. 29, 2009 file photo, Nicole Andreacchio, second right, who is seven months pregnant waits in line to receive the swine flu vaccine from the Montgomery County Health Department at Congregation Beth Or in Maple Glen, Pa. A large study released by the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2013 offers reassuring news for pregnant women worried about getting a flu shot. The research found no evidence that the vaccine increases the risk of losing a fetus, and may prevent some fetal deaths. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

NEW YORK (AP) ? A large study offers reassuring news for pregnant women: It's safe to get a flu shot.

The research found no evidence that the vaccine increases the risk of losing a fetus, and may prevent some deaths. Getting the flu while pregnant makes fetal death more likely, the Norwegian research showed.

The flu vaccine has long been considered safe for pregnant women and their fetus. U.S. health officials began recommending flu shots for them more than five decades ago, following a higher death rate in pregnant women during a flu pandemic in the late 1950s.

But the study is perhaps the largest look at the safety and value of flu vaccination during pregnancy, experts say.

"This is the kind of information we need to provide our patients when discussing that flu vaccine is important for everyone, particularly for pregnant women," said Dr. Geeta Swamy, a researcher who studies vaccines and pregnant women at Duke University Medical Center.

The study was released by the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday as the United States and Europe suffer through an early and intense flu season. A U.S. obstetricians group this week reminded members that it's not too late for their pregnant patients to get vaccinated.

The new study was led by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. It tracked pregnancies in Norway in 2009 and 2010 during an international epidemic of a new swine flu strain.

Before 2009, pregnant women in Norway were not routinely advised to get flu shots. But during the pandemic, vaccinations against the new strain were recommended for those in their second or third trimester.

The study focused on more than 113,000 pregnancies. Of those, 492 ended in the death of the fetus. The researchers calculated that the risk of fetal death was nearly twice as high for women who weren't vaccinated as it was in vaccinated mothers.

U.S. flu vaccination rates for pregnant women grew in the wake of the 2009 swine flu pandemic, from less than 15 percent to about 50 percent. But health officials say those rates need to be higher to protect newborns as well. Infants can't be vaccinated until 6 months, but studies have shown they pick up some protection if their mothers got the annual shot, experts say.

Because some drugs and vaccines can be harmful to a fetus, there is a long-standing concern about giving any medicine to a pregnant woman, experts acknowledged. But this study should ease any worries about the flu shot, said Dr. Denise Jamieson of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"The vaccine is safe," she said.

___

Online:

Medical journal: http://www.nejm.org

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/bbd825583c8542898e6fa7d440b9febc/Article_2013-01-16-US-MED-Flu-Pregnancy/id-4ca4f3d2d259415bbdb5018dbb8932a1

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Notre Dame's Cierre Wood declares for NFL Draft

By The Associated Press

Notre Dame running back Cierre Wood (20) cuts around Wake Forest defenders as he picks up 42 yards during the second half of an NCAA college football game in South Bend, Ind., Saturday, Nov. 17, 2012. Notre Dame defeated Wake Forest 38-0. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy)

By Tom Coyne

Associated Press

SOUTH BEND, Ind. >> Notre Dame running back Cierre Wood announced Monday he is entering the NFL draft, deciding against returning for a final year of eligibility.

The 6-0, 215-pound senior, who did not play as a freshman, was second on the team this past season with 742 yards rushing on 114 carries, including 2 yards on four carries in a 42-14 loss to Alabama in the BCS title game. He sat out the first two games of the season after being suspended by coach Brian Kelly for violating team rules.

He rushed for 2,447 yards on 450 carries in three seasons as the Irish, finishing seventh on Notre Dame?s all-time list. His 5.4 yards per carry is the most for any Irish back with that many carries. His best season was in 2011, when he led the Irish with 1,102 yards rushing on 217 carries. He rushed for a career-high 191 yards in a game against Purdue in 2011.

Wood, who has a 1-year-old daughter, said it wasn?t an easy decision.

?I had to weigh many factors over the last month, but ultimately it came down to what I felt was the right decision that would most benefit my family,? he said in a statement released by the school.

Kelly wished Wood well.

?Cierre has been an important member of our football team in my three years at Notre Dame and I appreciate all he did to help get our program back on top,? he said.

The Irish also lose leading rusher Theo Riddick, who arrived at Notre Dame in the same recruiting class as Wood. Although Wood came in as a much higher rated recruit, Riddick got on the field immediately as a freshman while Wood struggled to learn blocking schemes and with homesickness. The two, who are close friends and lived in the same house, said there was never any rivalry between them. Continued...

The top returning rusher for the Irish is George Atkinson III, a speedy back who ran for 361 yards on 51 carries, an average of 7.1 yards a carry. The Irish will have Amir Carlisle, a transfer from Southern Cal who missed the 2012 season with a foot injury after missing much of his freshman season with the Trojans with injuries. The Irish also are expected to sign several high school backs on Feb. 6, including highly rated backs Greg Bryant from Delray Beach, Fla., and Tarean Folston from Cocoa, Fla.

The announcement comes two days after Kelly said he would return to the Fighting Irish in 2013 after talking with the NFL?s Philadelphia Eagles about their head coaching job.

Source: http://middletownpress.com/articles/2013/01/14/sports/doc50f4cb7266d08596310398.txt

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Zorb ride in Russian mountains proves deadly

In this frame grab made Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, taken from APTN video provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, as her husband Denis Burakov and another man are seen inside a large plastic ball called a zorb, on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, as they roll down a hill beore tragedy struck at the winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. What was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball has ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff, killing Denis Burakov and leaving the other man badly injured. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

In this frame grab made Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, taken from APTN video provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, as her husband Denis Burakov and another man are seen inside a large plastic ball called a zorb, on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, as they roll down a hill beore tragedy struck at the winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. What was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball has ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff, killing Denis Burakov and leaving the other man badly injured. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

In this frame grab made Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, taken from APTN video provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, as her husband Denis Burakov climbs inside the large plastic ball called a zorb, with another man, on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, at a winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. What was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball has ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff, killing Denis Burakov and leaving the other man badly injured. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

In this frame grab made Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, taken from APTN video provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, as her husband Denis Burakov, left, inside the large plastic ball called a zorb, with another man, before tragedy struck on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, at a winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. What was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball has ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff, killing Denis Burakov and leaving the other man badly injured. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

In this frame grab made Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, taken from APTN video provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, as her husband Denis Burakov and another man are seen inside a large plastic ball called a zorb, on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, while other man push it, at a winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. What was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball has ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff, killing Denis Burakov and leaving the other man badly injured. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

In this undated family handout photo provided Wednesday Jan. 9, 2013, by Yekaterina Achkasova and distributed by the APTN, showing Denis Burakov and his wife Yekaterina Achkasova as they pose for a picture at a winter sports venue at Donbay in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. Burakov was killed and another man badly injured Thursday Jan. 3, 2013, when a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball called a zorb, ended in tragedy when the zorb veered off course and sailed over a cliff. (AP Photo/Family photo provided by Yekaterina Achkasova, APTN)

MOSCOW (AP) ? It was supposed to be a thrilling ride down a ski slope inside a giant inflatable ball that is to be one of the symbols of next year's Winter Olympics; it ended in tragedy for the two Russian men inside.

The transparent plastic ball ? known as a zorb ? veered off course and sailed over a rock ledge in the rugged Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. The ball picked up speed as it flew down the steep slope, rolling and bouncing. One man was killed and the other badly injured.

The man who died, 27-year-old Denis Burakov, was with friends at the Dombai ski resort, where they frequently went snowboarding, on Jan. 3 when he decided to take a ride in a zorb being operated next to a beginners' slope. His friend Vladimir Shcherbakov joined him.

An eight-minute video taken on Burakov's phone by one of his friends shows the two men being fitted into harnesses inside the zorb, which consists of two polyurethane balls with a layer of air between them. The zorb is then released to roll down the hill, the two men spinning inside.

But the zorb bounces off of the intended path, and a man waiting for it at the bottom of the hill tries in vain to catch the ball before it pops over a rocky ledge and disappears down a gorge below Mount Mussa-Achitara.

The person filming the video is heard swearing and asking "What's down there?" The answer from someone off camera: "It's a catastrophe down there."

The Emergencies Ministry said both men were ejected from the zorb as it tumbled and they landed on the snow about 10 meters (30 feet) apart after having rolled about 1.5 kilometers (a mile). Still conscious and able to stand, they were rescued by two skiers, who then pulled both men up to the top of the hill. Burakov suffered serious spinal injuries and died on the way to the hospital. Shcherbakov suffered a concussion and other injuries and remains hospitalized.

The accident prompted the emergencies minister to demand on Wednesday that Russia address its lax enforcement of safety rules for winter sports, citing a series of accidents over the January holidays. Vladimir Puchkov said during a televised meeting with officials in charge of rescue services across the country that they should take extra measures to ensure safety, in particular at Russia's ski slopes.

Sergei Loginov, deputy director of Z-orb.ru, the largest supplier of zorbs in Russia, said the zorbing run that killed Burakov was in violation of all safety rules. Zorbing requires a groomed gentle slope with fences on both sides of the track and a secure spot at the bottom where the ball can be safely brought to rest, he said, but none of this was present at Dombai.

"It's not even irresponsibility. It's an experiment on life," Loginov said. "It's all or nothing. They either survive or they don't."

The sport of zorbing originated in the 1990s in New Zealand and is now done around the world, most often on grassy slopes. Loginov said there are several zorbing spots on the outskirts of Moscow and dozens more around the country.

Zorbs have been adopted as a symbol of the 2014 Winter Olympics, which Russia is holding in Sochi.

"The transparency of zorbs also reflect the open, accessible and inclusive society that Sochi 2014 Games is helping to build," Dmitry Chernyshenko, head of the organizing committee, said in 2010.

Sochi's modern ski resorts also are in the Caucasus Mountains. Dombai and other less-developed resorts are located to the east in the North Caucasus region, a patchwork of mainly Muslim republics suffering from poverty and unrest stemming from an Islamic insurgency.

"Until 2006, hundreds of people died every year at the North Caucasus ski resorts," said Kantemir Davydov, an Emergencies Ministry spokesman in southern Russia. "That number has fallen sharply, but still on average 20 to 30 tourists die every year. The causes of the deaths are various, but the root is the same: There is no clear system assuring tourism safety."

Eager for any business that brings in badly needed tourist revenue, local officials are reluctant to enforce safety requirements, Davydov said.

Federal investigators said they were inspecting the Dombai resort and attempting to determine who was responsible for the fatal zorb ride.

Russian state television suggested that one reason winter sports in Russia so often take lives is that people too often ignore basic safety rules. Its report showed families sledding on a slope near Moscow that was clearly marked "no sledding" and said six people had been hospitalized Tuesday with injuries, including concussions and broken bones.

In Italy, a snowmobile driven by a Russian citizen crashed into a ravine during a nighttime outing on a steep ski slope last week, killing six Russians being pulled behind the vehicle on a sled. Italian police arrested the driver on Wednesday.

___

Sergei Venyavsky in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-01-09-Russia-Zorbing%20Death/id-54604751386a414dac357d04952cf1c0

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Judge: Manning was illegally punished in WikiLeaks scandal

FORT MEADE, Md. (AP) ? An Army private suspected of sending reams of classified documents to the secret-sharing WikiLeaks website was illegally punished at a Marine Corps brig and should get 112 days cut from any prison sentence he receives if convicted, a military judge ruled Tuesday.

Army Col. Denise Lind ruled during a pretrial hearing that authorities went too far in their strict confinement of Pfc. Bradley Manning for nine months in a Marine Corps brig in Quantico, Va., in 2010 and 2011. Manning was confined to a windowless cell 23 hours a day, sometimes with no clothing. Brig officials said it was to keep him from hurting himself or others.

Lind said Manning's confinement was "more rigorous than necessary." She added that the conditions "became excessive in relation to legitimate government interests."

Manning faces 22 charges, including aiding the enemy, which carries a maximum sentence of life behind bars. His trial begins March 6.

The 25-year-old intelligence analyst had sought to have the charges thrown out, arguing the conditions were egregious. Military prosecutors had recommended a seven-day sentence reduction, conceding Manning was improperly kept for that length of time on highly restrictive suicide watch, contrary to a psychiatrist's recommendation.

Lind rejected a defense contention that brig commanders were influenced by higher-ranking Marine Corps officials at Quantico or the Pentagon.

Manning showed no reaction as Lind read her decision. He fidgeted when the judge took the bench to announce her ruling, sometimes tapping his chin or mouth with a pen and frequently glancing at his attorney's notepad, but those movements tapered off during the hour and 45 minutes it took the judge to read the lengthy opinion.

Mike McKee, one of about a dozen Manning supporters in the courtroom, said he was disappointed. He called the ruling "very conservative," although he said he didn't expect the charges to be thrown out.

"I don't find it a victory," McKee said. "Credit like that becomes much less valuable if the sentence turns out to be 80 years."

Jeff Paterson of the Bradley Manning Support Network, which is funding Manning's defense, said the sentencing credit "doesn't come close to compensating Bradley" for his harsh treatment.

"The ruling is not strong enough to give the military pause before mistreating the next American soldier awaiting trial," Paterson wrote in an email.

Lind ruled on the first day of a scheduled four-day hearing at Fort Meade, near Baltimore.

The hearing is partly to determine whether Manning's motivation matters. Prosecutors want the judge to bar the defense from producing evidence at trial regarding his motive for allegedly leaking hundreds of thousands of secret war logs and diplomatic cables. They say motive is irrelevant to whether he leaked intelligence, knowing it would be seen by al-Qaida

Manning allegedly told an online confidant-turned-informant that he leaked the material because "I want people to see the truth" and "information should be free."

Defense attorney David Coombs said Tuesday that barring such evidence would cripple the defense's ability to argue that Manning leaked only information that he believed couldn't hurt the United States or help a foreign nation.

Manning has offered to take responsibility for the leaks in a pending plea offer but he still could face trial on charges such as aiding the enemy.

The Crescent, Okla., native is accused of leaking classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs and more than 250,000 diplomatic cables while working as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad in 2009 and 2010. He is also charged with leaking 2007 video of a U.S. helicopter crew gunning down 11 men, including a Reuters news photographer and his driver. The Pentagon concluded the troops acted appropriately, having mistaken the camera equipment for weapons.

Manning supporters consider him a whistleblower whose actions exposed war crimes and helped trigger the pro-democracy Arab Spring uprisings in late 2010.

___(equals)

Associated Press writer Ben Nuckols at Fort Meade contributed to this story.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/judge-army-gi-wikileaks-illegally-punished-231717526.html

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Thesmith: Love, relationships, and other crazy things you might not ...

There?re few things more ridiculous than the thought of the one certain person waiting out there just for you, the one human that, if you could find her/him, then your life would be complete. There may be the hypothetical ?right? person, but that?s different from the fanciful ?one?.?

In this world there?s upwards of 7 billion people. Over half of them are female and almost all of them are not in the country in which you grow up. It?s like saying you?ve found the most perfect yellow piece of sand and declaring the futility of looking any further. Don?t worry about all the trillions of other pieces of sand on all the billions of beaches around the world, this piece is the perfect one and you should stop here. But the purpose of searching for something is to find it. I don?t think I would have been so uptight about finding a ?right? girl if I knew there was no chance. People don?t just go looking for something without some indication of its existence. So in this massive world full of great people, there must be someone out there I can discover who?ll blow me away. In fact, there are so many people milling around doing their daily thing that my perfect vision of a female must be sitting out there right now. With all the possibilities, it would be foolish to say she isn?t there. I wonder what she looks like? I don?t really care what she looks like, but part of me does. I know what I find attractive in a female and I probably won?t look twice at someone I don?t find attractive, a reaction common to all humans. We are attracted to certain things about other people, and with such variety and differentiation it?s impossible to say what is ?universally? attractive. But a weird thing happens when I sometimes see beautiful women. I see their beauty or their ?hotness? (not the same thing, don?t get them mixed up) and I immediately think of how great we?d be together. I wouldn?t mind some carnal knowledge too, the two thoughts running parallel in my brain as the beauty strolls past. Despite what silly books tell you, men don?t think about sex around seven times a minute. That?s just ludicrous. But it does flash on the headlines whenever an attractive person is nearby, there?s no denying that. It?s actually really difficult to explain what it?s like being a man in the presence of an attractive female. But it?s pretty much the same as the rest of the day, just on steroids. Being a man and having a sex-drive is like I?m hungry all the time. Just think about needing food at certain times of the day because your body clock is telling you dinner time?s close, except the hunger is for sex, not food. You can get a little satiation from time to time, but the desire is still there. It?s always present and it never leaves you. When the old sex-drive isn?t flashing through the headlines in big obnoxious neon signs, bashing you over the head to pay attention to it like a spoiled school brat who needs more manners taught than chocolate ice-cream stuffed down its chubby face, it can be found after page three near the comments section. It might not be leaping out at you, but it doesn?t take much to hit the override button. It?s not weird that the sex-drive ebbs and flows. What?s weird is many times when I see an attractive female my thought process goes something like this: ?Wow, this chick is amazing! Look at her, she?s fantastic!? ?I?d sure like to bang her. Mmmm, any which way. She?d be great to bring home to my grandma. Maybe we could see the world together! But I bet she has a boyfriend, they always do. How can a girl looking like that be single? It just doesn?t happen, of course she?s unavailable. And I?ve got no chance.? ?Doesn?t matter anyway. I bet she?s vapid as a warm breeze flowing over dusty roads and about as interesting as watching cardboard exist.? Why do I do that? This stuff happens in a spit second up in the cobwebs of my thinking machine. I see a pretty girl and I should be thinking objectively how beautiful she is, instead I immediately evaluate how impossible she is to attract and dive headfirst into an insult about her intelligence without knowing a shred of anything about her. I?m not going to blame this on the media. I don?t care how many times movies have portrayed pretty girls as being thick and vapid, it?s totally my fault for assuming this immediately about someone I don?t know. Besides, I wasn?t making a judgement on the level of her intelligence; I was simply defending my own honour after a perceived insult to me. But there was no insult. The girls always walk past, sometimes as if I don?t exist, but that?s not their fault. How many times did I walk past a girl I didn?t find attractive? How did I think they feel when I couldn?t even offer a quick peek or even smile? I insult the pretty girl?s intelligence simply because she?s beautiful. I see a girl in the distance and if she?s pretty a little gremlin in my brain assumes she?s stupid. I know it?s a defence mechanism because I?ve heard it all around me from pretty much every guy. They see a happy, beautiful girl dancing around or frolicking in the flowers (whatever it is pretty girls do?) and we all immediately have that one nasty word we vomit out. We don?t know anything about the pretty dancing girl, or the girl in the low-cut top. We know nothing of who she is deep inside. We?re completely ignorant of her history and educational background, but because she?s not dancing for us we mutter ?slut? and dismiss her. This is so common among guys as a turn-of-phrase it?s actually become acceptable. A guy can do almost whatever he wants with women. He can throw his money around, he can sleep with as many girls as he likes, he can wear pretty much what he wants and no one gives a damn. We all think he?s the ?alpha? male, give him a hearty slap on the back, and go on our way. Yet if a girl so much as simply looks beautiful we call her a slut if she?s not falling all over us. If she is falling all over us, we just like to call that a ?score?. As if it?s all a game, reinforcing the clich? that girls are actually objects. What?s crazy is we think it?s actually the girl?s fault. I call her a slut or I sit there and assume she?s vapid and uninteresting, and somehow the girl is in the wrong. As if she needs to change, not me.? In my opinion, this is the origin of the patriarchal, misogynistic ideal of covering women in hideously unflattering clothes. Most men will not be attractive in any way, shape, or form during their lives. They will not have the good looks, the power, the prestige, or the money that work as force multipliers (to borrow a military term) making them more attractive to females. Females probably should be attracted to these things as they show how suitable the male is for a life partner. Only a relative handful of men will reach these goals while the rest of us wallow in the deep pools of normalcy. Beautiful females in particular and most females in general, are attracted to men with such traits. And in a normal society, these beautiful women usually ?end up? with the attractive man. The rest of the people are left to mix and mingle among themselves for relationship success. Left to the wild, removing any ideology, this is the ?normal? way of things for humans. In a monogamous society there is greater room to break this trend and for a ?normal? male to successfully attract a beautiful woman. But in a polygamous society (as most societies were for thousands of years), the powerful male usually attracts beautiful women disproportionately, while leaving the many other men to divide the far fewer not-so-fit females for themselves. The ?alpha? guy is powerful, with all his beautiful women. The women all want to stay with him because he represents security and safety for each of them and their children. But the other less-powerful men have little, if any chance, of actually finding a girl at all. Of course, this just means there?s usually far more men than women to go round in these societies, and a surplus of men is never a good thing. They start to conspire. They start to scheme. And sooner or later they?ll invent rules oppressing the fairer sex because when it becomes too difficult to satisfy the raging male sex-drive anymore.

Instead, the sexual frustration and the inability to find a girl materialises as anger to be taken out on females in the society. They are forced to cover up, lest the pathetic man become aroused. They are told to stay at home, in the kitchen, lest the man find himself tempted by the presence of a female.?

The feelings of arousal and temptation when a sexually frustrated man spots an attractive female are not his fault but hers, he rationalises. She shouldn?t be wearing those clothes. She shouldn?t have said those things. She shouldn?t have looked at me so seductively. I know this happens a lot overseas to a great extent, it?s even encourages in some places. Treating women as second-class citizens just waiting for abuse is a common idea. Men really don?t know how lucky we are when travelling abroad. But this also happens in more developed countries too, just more privately. I don?t consider myself sexually frustrated, but I know I sometimes get similar reactions when I see beautiful women.?

Source: http://likebulb.blogspot.com/2013/01/love-relationships-and-other-crazy_7.html

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EU court fines Italy for prison overcrowding

ROME (AP) ? A European court ruled Tuesday that Italy's woefully overcrowded prisons violate the basic rights of inmates, fined the government ?100,000 ($131,000) and ordered it to make changes within a year. The finding came three years after Italy's government recognized the problem itself but failed to pass legislation designed to correct it.

The European Court of Human Rights ruled on a case brought in 2009 by seven inmates in two separate prisons who complained that they each were forced to share a 9 square-meter (10.8-squard yard) cell with two other people, giving each inmate 3 square meters (3.6 square yards) of personal space. The men also said they didn't have regular hot water or lighting.

The Strasbourg-based court found that the conditions did indeed amount to a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights' prohibition against torture and human or degrading treatment. While saying there was no indication that Italy intended to humiliate the prisoners, the court found that the inmates' conditions subjected them to excessive hardships.

Italian Justice Minister Paola Severino, who had made reforming Italy's prison system a priority when she came into office a year ago, said she was "disheartened" but not surprised by the decision.

The Italian government in 2010 declared a state of emergency for its overcrowded prisons, calling for the creation of 47 prison annexes to boost capacity by more than 20,000 inmates and for legislation allowing house arrest as an alternative to prison for certain sentences.

The Italian prison rights group Antigone estimates that Italian prisons are currently at 142 percent capacity, with some individual prisons at 268 percent capacity.

The legislation, however, failed to pass in the Senate last year ? a point bitterly raised by Severino and Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, who in his end-of-the-year speech to lawmakers lamented their failure to act on such a critical issue.

In a statement Tuesday, Napolitano called the Strasbourg court's decision a "mortifying confirmation" of Italy's inability to guarantee its prisoners their most basic rights.

Severino, for her part, harshly criticized politicians for having "campaigned on the skin of inmates" and promised that she would continue battling so that Italian prison conditions "are worthy of a civilized country."

The court used what's known as a pilot judgment for the case ? a procedure used when there are many similar complaints before the court that enables it to not only determine if a violation has occurred but also to offer ways to address the root problem responsible for it. In the case of Italian prison overcrowding, there are several hundred complaints currently before the court.

The ruling will become final in three months unless either side seeks further examination by the court.

Once final, the court's rulings are binding on the 47 member states of the Council of Europe, the continent's human rights watchdog.

___

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/eu-court-fines-italy-prison-overcrowding-161838911.html

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Reader recommendation: Mao, The Real Story

Monitor readers share their favorite book picks.

By David Crandall, Salem, Mass. / January 7, 2013

I am deep into reading Mao: The Real Story, an incredible history of the tumultuous changes China has gone through in only 100 years ? humiliating foreign intervention, terrible civil war, brutal invasion from Japan, disastrous attempts at sudden economic and social change with millions perishing in the attempt. What has happened in the post-Mao years of much-needed social and economic progress must be respected in view of all the destruction that preceded it.

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The whole thermodynamic formalism and terminlolgy breaks down ...

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Justin Bieber Hanging With Wrong Crowd?

Is Justin Bieber starting to consort with the wrong peeps? That’s what the buzz is all about online this week after some photos were posted online that seem to show him smoking pot with a rap artist named Lil Twist. I wonder what the “twist” part is a reference to? Anyway, this guy Twist is signed to Cash Money and is associated with Lil Wayne. As much as I like him, he has been known for dabbling a little bit with marijuana. Okay, not a little bit. A ton. So Bieber started off with a squeaky clean, almost Disney-like reputation. He was the one guy that Tweens were allowed to hang on their wall. Then came some stories of him having a bad attitude, and breaking up things on set of talk shows. Now this. I’m not saying that marijuana is the end of the world. It’s decriminalized and/or legal is several states. But that doesn’t mean it’s right for Justin. There are a lot of stars who lose their cool after starting to party too much. It’s way too early for that to happen to him. He needs to hang on for a while first. Some outlets think it’s [...]

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4 dead after police standoff at a Colo. townhome

AURORA, Colo. (AP) ? A gunman barricaded inside his Colorado home fired shots at police from a second-story window before he was killed as SWAT officers stormed the home Saturday. Once inside, they found the bodies of three other adults, authorities said.

The suspect, whose name was withheld by police, held officers at bay for nearly six hours after neighbors reported gunfire at 3 a.m. inside the modest townhome in the Denver suburb of Aurora, said police Sgt. Cassidee Carlson. It wasn't known if officers shot the suspect or if he shot himself.

Investigators said two men and a woman appeared to have been killed before officers arrived.

The suspect shot at police who approached the front of the home with an armored vehicle and who fired tear gas around 8:15 a.m. He was killed when he fired at officers from the second-story window about 45 minutes later, Carlson said.

"After we arrived on scene, there were no more shots fired up until he fired at us," Carlson said. "During this time he was all over the house. He moved furniture. He was throwing things. He was agitated. He was irrational."

A large front window was missing in the two-story townhome, the window's mini-blinds in disarray. Bullet holes marked two upstairs windows, and neighbors milled about outside.

A fifth person escaped unharmed and called police to report that she saw three people inside the home who "appeared lifeless," said Carlson, who declined to elaborate about the woman's escape.

A motive for the killings was unknown, and police had yet to say what weapon or weapons were used. Investigators wearing gloves and carrying evidence bags were going over the crime scene.

Police declined to release the victims' names.

"We have an idea of who they are, but we obviously want to confirm their identities with the coroner," said Carlson, who declined to release the relationship between the victims and the shooter.

Officers evacuated neighbors' homes during the standoff and used a bullhorn to communicate with the gunman, urging him to surrender.

Next-door neighbor Melissa Wright, a nurse who treated victims of the July movie theater shootings in Aurora, said she was in her second-floor bedroom when she saw the gunman start shooting from his own bedroom window. She said she didn't know what he was shooting at, and that she quickly dropped to the floor.

"I hit the ground pretty fast," Wright said.

Wright said she slid on her belly to the first floor of her home and told police what she saw upstairs. Officers quickly entered her home.

Wright said she knew the gunman as Sonny Archuleta ? a name used by police officers trying to negotiate with the man with the bullhorn. Wright said the townhome may have been inhabited by the gunman, the gunman's wife, her father and another man.

The shootings occurred about four miles southeast of the Aurora Mall, where 12 people were killed and dozens were wounded by a gunman at a midnight showing of "The Dark Knight Rises" on July 20. The man charged in that shooting, James Holmes, goes to court Monday for a preliminary hearing in which prosecutors will present their case against him.

The July shootings prompted Gov. John Hickenlooper ? just before the Newtown, Conn., massacre ? to say it is time to debate gun control. It's expected to be a heated topic at the Colorado Legislature this year.

Aurora, just east of Denver, is one of Colorado's largest and most diverse cities with more than 335,000 residents. It is home to Buckley Air Force Base as well as the sprawling University of Colorado Health Sciences Center campus, where James Holmes studied neuroscience before the movie theater shootings.

___

Associated Press writer Thomas Peipert contributed to this story.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-01-05-US-Colorado-Barricaded-Man/id-bcf143bbcc8c49818dad6586809123b6

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Kilar to quit as CEO of Hulu by March

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Jason Kilar will step down by the end of March as the chief executive of Hulu, the online video service owned by the parents of ABC, NBC and Fox.

Kilar, 41, broke the news to staff in an email, which he posted on the Hulu blog on Friday. While he didn't state a reason, the video site has been losing money despite posting nearly $700 million in revenue last year. But it's growing fast, and added 200,000 paying subscribers in the last seven days alone, Kilar said. Last month, the company said it had more than 3 million subscribers.

The company's CEO since its founding in 2007, Kilar has at times clashed with Hulu's owners over strategy. Spawned in part as a bid to offset Internet piracy, Hulu got its start showing reruns of ABC, NBC and Fox shows free on the Web with minimal advertising, and added a $10-per-month subscription tier in June 2010 that expanded the back catalog.

The price of a subscription to Hulu Plus was cut to $8 a few months later, but a paid plan is necessary for viewers who wish to watch shows on tablets, phones, or Internet-connected TV sets. It's unclear if Kilar's resignation signals a change in strategy, but it could be a good opportunity for the companies to implement changes.

Two people familiar with the matter said the move was not surprising, partly because Kilar is flush with cash after being paid about $40 million for his stake in the company in a sale that coincided with Providence Equity Partners selling its 10 percent stake for $200 million late last year. The people spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.

Providence's exit came after the owners decided not to sell Hulu in 2011 following months of entertaining outside offers.

Kilar said in the blog that Richard Tom, senior vice president and chief technology officer, will leave at about the same time. As an entrepreneur who previously helped Amazon get into the video streaming business, Kilar could re-emerge as the head of a new fledgling business. Prior to joining Hulu, Tom spent eight years at Microsoft, where he led a team that created a business application platform for its Office Live online software.

"We are fortunate to have collectively built a culture that matters, a brand that matters, a business that matters," Kilar said in his memo. "It is impossible to state in words how much this team means to me, how much Hulu means to me."

Hulu's parent companies, The Walt Disney Co. and News Corp., lauded Kilar's accomplishments.

"Jason has been an integral part of the Hulu story, transforming it from an interesting idea into an innovative business model that continues to evolve," said Disney CEO Bob Iger in a statement. "We are proud of his achievements, we appreciate what he's built, and we share his confidence in his team's ability to drive Hulu forward from here."

News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch added, "Jason and his team have done a great job building Hulu into one of the leading online video services available today and it's incredibly well positioned for the road ahead. We are grateful for Jason's leadership and wish him the best on his next venture."

NBC parent Comcast Corp. is required to be a silent partner in Hulu as part of the government signing off on its purchase of NBCUniversal in January 2011.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2013-01-05-US-Hulu-CEO/id-59dc879ff024407b8cca2de2ef6c9358

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Best Guest blogging tips for better SEO | Make Money Online ...

One of the best ways to maintain the freshness in blogging is to carry out guest blogging. The guest bloggers not only provide good content but also take away the work load from the primary blogger. It is due to guest blogging that one can expect an increase in organic search engine traffic leading to the SEO benefits of your website. In short, guest blogging is one of the easiest ways to create and promote your business online. Bloggers use it for generating backlinks, traffic, leads, conversions and subscribers. Here are some of the best guest blogging tips for better SEO that can prove out to be of real help for those looking out for better internet marketing strategies:

Choose the Appropriate Blogs

Being a guest blogger, your main motive is to find huge audience for your blog writing. In order to obtain more comprehensiveness and in order to drive traffic to your blog, it becomes crucial to choose the blogs that focus on keywords similar to the domain of your industry. The blogs that are more established and are of higher ranking should be your target. It can be done by spending time in regularly visiting the blogs in the niche that one would like to guest post. But, one thing that you must take in consideration is that your blogging should not offend or embarrass the host.

Regular contact with the author

Before you begin with the blog, you must explain the blog owner about what you are offering as a guest blogger. It is always advisable to discuss the theme of your blog with the blow owner and include a link as well. This will let the blogger know how your writing will be integrated into his style and theme blogs. By knowing this, the webmaster becomes sure about your content and how your content will offer value to your audience.

Make a clear and mutual agreement

Guest blogging is not only profitable for the guest blogger but for the host as well. The works of guest blogger are exposed to the wide audience leading to nice boost in traffic to his blog. Moreover, the search engine ranking gets improvised. The host is profitable in a way that he gets some fresh and relevant content that offers something new to his audience. Even the readers get benefit as they are exposed to a new writer who has different view of the topic. So, be sure to include each and every terms of the agreement that both the parties agrees on such as number of words, date of publication and content ownership.

Come up with the right content

Go through the recent posts on the blog for ideas to fill in the blogger?s approach to the topic. Make sure that you present the best work from your side during the host publication. Do a thorough research and carry out a proofreading before submitting the blog.

Importance of supervision

Once your blog is published, check back and go through the comments. This is a real opportunity to get connected with the huge audience out there. Do not overlook the comments.

Establish your own blog

One of the guest blogging tips is to establish on own blog. Write, design and maintain the content that fetches more readers. You need to continue to ensure that there is quality in your articles. Construct a foundation by improving your own posts which further will expand your reach in the online business world.

Sense of responsibility

While you are guest bogging, do not forget that you are responsible for generating traffic to the blog. It is your writing that can either draw more traffic or cause fewer readers. So, better be sure about what you write.

Use relevant keywords

The results shown out by search engines depend greatly on the choice of relevant keywords in your content. Thus, it is a good practice to use relevant keywords in your blogs.

To conclude, it can be said that go ahead and start guest blogging. It is a great way to expand the reach of your blog among the targeted traffic. It not only adds new views to your blog but also give your readers a little variety.

?

Author Bio

Sanjib Saha is regularly blogs at Technowooer http://technowooer.com/ and Technoford http://technoford.com/ .You can follow him on Twitter @sanjibinkiit

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Plot spoilers pose 'Downton Abbey' challenge

This undated publicity photo provided by PBS shows Maggie Smith as the Dowager Countess, left, and Shirley MacLaine as Martha Levinson from the TV series, "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBS, Carnival Film & Television Limited 2012 for MASTERPIECE, Nick Briggs)

This undated publicity photo provided by PBS shows Maggie Smith as the Dowager Countess, left, and Shirley MacLaine as Martha Levinson from the TV series, "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBS, Carnival Film & Television Limited 2012 for MASTERPIECE, Nick Briggs)

This undated publicity photo provided by PBS shows Shirley MacLaine as Martha Levinson from the TV series, "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBS, Carnival Film & Television Limited 2012 for MASTERPIECE, Nick Briggs)

This publicity image released by PBS shows Hugh Bonneville as Lord Grantham, left, and Jim Carter as Mr. Carson from the popular series "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBs, Josh Barratt)

This undated publicity photo provided by PBS shows, from left, Elizabeth McGovern as Lady Grantham, Hugh Bonneville as Lord Grantham, Dan Stevens as Matthew Crawley, Penelope Wilton as Isobel Crawley, Allen Leech as Tom Branson, Jim Carter as Mr. Carson, and Phyllis Logan as Mrs. Hughes, from the TV series, "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBS, Carnival Film & Television Limited 2012 for MASTERPIECE, Nick Briggs)

This undated publicity photo provided by PBS shows Dan Stevens as Matthew Crawley, left, and Michelle Dockery as Lady Mary Crawley, from the TV series, "Downton Abbey." The third season premiere airs in the U.S. on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013 on PBS. (AP Photo/PBS, Carnival Film & Television Limited 2012 for MASTERPIECE, Nick Briggs)

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? There are many delicious reasons to watch the returning "Downton Abbey" and an exasperating one to skip it: The cover's been blown on major plot twists.

In what may be outsized revenge for the American Revolution ? or payback for years of exporting lousy U.S. TV and fast food ? the Brits are sharing "Downton Abbey" with us, but only after first airing each season.

That wouldn't matter much in the drama's early 20th-century setting but we're not there, are we, PBS and U.K. network ITV? A little gimmick called the Internet makes it impossible to keep story developments from spreading like germ warfare.

As with sports fans who must avoid all media and big-mouthed friends to keep game scores a surprise, "Downton Abbey" addicts are forced to shun rude news reports and blogs about what happens to character A, B or C (no spoilers here, promise).

Heedlessly type in "Downton Abbey season three" online and you risk stumbling into the startling truth that ... well, never mind. If you know, you have our sympathy. If you don't, live in blessed ignorance and careful isolation from Sunday's debut until the Feb. 17 season finale.

"It is unfair that England gets to see 'Downton Abbey' before us because we beat them in a war" was the saucy comment posted on Twitter by producer Damon Lindelof of "Lost" fame.

It's certainly a development galling enough to draw insults. But as Downton's courtly master, Lord Grantham (Hugh Bonneville), once rebuked a blunt-spoken visitor: Steady on, sir, the ladies have suffered quite enough of a shock!

Rebecca Eaton, executive producer of PBS' "Masterpiece" showcase that's home to "Downton," contends it's premature to assess the impact here of the U.K. airing that wrapped Christmas Day. Will ratings be dented by dampened enthusiasm or piracy?

"It will be difficult to say until it airs in this country," Eaton said, with the size of the audience providing a key measurement.

The bar is high compared with last year, when "Downton Abbey" became the most-watched series ever for "Masterpiece" with more than 17 million viewers across seven episodes. With its swooning, buzz-worthy romances, the drama also fed social media and gave PBS a new veneer of cool.

But what's to be done if the season endgame is stuck in your brain? As a famous Brit said in more dire circumstances, never surrender! Go along for the ride that the beautifully produced soap opera-cum-fairy tale offers, admiring how the devilishly clever Julian Fellowes, its creator and writer, foreshadows the events to come.

As Downton's residents adjust to post-War War I England, "there are chills and spills involved in that for all the characters, some laughs and some tears," as Fellowes neatly summed it up.

Knowing the destination doesn't mean you can't appreciate the scenery, including these highlights:

? Newcomer Shirley MacLaine as an American visitor, talking smack with British in-law Violet (Maggie Smith), each wittily knocking the other's nation and values. MacLaine wears pasty, kabuki-like makeup as armor; Smith meets insults with world-weary eyes.

? Michelle Dockery keeping it real as Lady Mary, who's surrendered to love with Matthew (Dan Stevens) while barely softening her sharp edges and steely devotion to family tradition. Bonus: The willowy actress was born to wear sleek 1920s dresses.

? Fashion and its evolution, as Downton's upstairs ladies move from lovely but fussy wardrobes to sassier, clean-lined garb and (except for steadfast Mary) shorter hair, reflections of liberating changes that include the promise of universal suffrage for all British women.

? Stevens as golden-boy Matthew, emerging intact from World War I and still conflicted about his future role as lord of the manor. A side game: See if Stevens, smart as he is, looks distracted by the novels he read on the set as a judge for Britain's Man Booker Prize.

? Cultural, medical and other period tidbits, which are fascinating and a reminder that wise historians never would choose to live in a time before their own. In one instance, a character who may have cancer is told that test results will take up to two nerve-shattering months.

? Fellows' charming faith in the tender side of revolutionaries, at least ones that mate with landed gentry. Irish chauffeur-turned-activist Tom Branson (Allen Leech), who previously turned moist-eyed over the murder of the Russian royal family, loses it again in season three over fiery political warfare.

? A stately house, but fast-paced action. Fellowes said he took a cue from the American mash-up approach to storytelling perfected in shows like "ER" and "The West Wing," with stories big and small, sad and funny and "all sort of plotted up together." The look is period but the energy is "much more modern," as Fellowes put it.

But modernity can be troublesome, proof being the Internet imperiling the drama's surprises for U.S. viewers. Whatever the outcome, Eaton said "Masterpiece" will tread carefully in making changes.

ITV is the primary funder of "Downton Abbey" and has international premiere rights. While a September debut fits the U.K. TV marketplace, it would mean stiffer competition for "Downton" as U.S. networks launch their fall slates, Eaton said.

"We want to make sure we don't do something with 'Downton' that will hurt it in the long run," she said ? which, for now, extends to the drama's fourth season set to air on "Masterpiece," its co-producer with Carnival Films.

As for the current run, Eaton, who's no spoilsport, had only this to say: "I think it's the best season yet."

___

Online:

http://www.pbs.org

___

EDITOR'S NOTE ? Lynn Elber is a national television columnist for The Associated Press. She can be reached at lelber(at)ap.org.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2013-01-03-TV-Downton%20Abbey/id-68a3d2ff48314e70af2c6b9e64cb5efc

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Website Design San Diego: Your Medium To Extend Your Business ...

A good website design San Diego will be the right medium to extend your offline business into the online platform. For the kind of potential that the World Wide Web offers to businesses, it is imperative that every business makes a foray into the online platform. And for that, a good website design is mandatory for it is the medium through which the business can reach the target audience and get the business rolling. So, who would be able to give you the best website design that is fully functional and results oriented? Obviously you need to approach a reputed company for the services.

Website design San Diego professionals will be able to churn out a highly competitive website that will help you stay ahead of your competitors in the field. There are in fact many benefits that you get when you hire the services of a San Diego website design professional. He will be able to identify the kind of web development framework that will be just right for your business and he will incorporate all those features that will make visiting your website an absolute delight.

Visual appeal is not the only factor that we need to consider when we are opting for a good website design. There are in fact many other crucial components that will make a complete website which will give a good user experience. And in fact it is this user experience which will contribute greatly towards getting a repeat audience. A website design, almost all businesses might have, but you need to have a website design with a difference if you have to survive through the thick and thin of the dynamic markets. And that is why one needs to avail the professional services of a website design San Diego Company.
Eye Universal is one such online company that offers innovative solutions to its clients from across the globe in the fields of website design, website development, mobile development, and software and search engine optimization. With a fair amount of understanding in the relevant arenas, the professionals there claim to offer solutions that clearly make a difference to the business.

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We understand clients requirement first and then start work for their websites.
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Branding and logo designing are very crucial for a online website. We have delivered high quality websites to small online businesses and helped them to create their brand in the online industry. Make your website more visible to users by having crystal design and internal link structure for your website. So that more and more users love to visit your website and thereby increases revenue for your business.

Eye Universal is the top web design and development company in San Diego focusing upon logo design, graphic design and designing websites for large and small businesses.

About the Author:
Rajesh Kanjani is a website designer at Eye universal here to share the knowledge related to current website design trends in San Diego.

Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Website-Design-San-Diego---Your-Medium-To-Extend-Your-Business-Online/4362856

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Getting Black And White Portrait Photography ? Arts and Entertainment

Black and white portraits impart rich and timeless appearance. Without the hindrance of colors, the viewer focuses on other elements of the photograph. The lack of color allows texture and form to become more significant features of the portrait.An uncluttered look and simplicity adds a polished look to the portrait. Black and white portrait photography is an excellent way to add a classic and romantic feel to your photographs. It adds an air of nostalgia to portraits and evokes reminiscence of a time prior to color photographs, when all portraits were black and white.

There are a lot of people who consider black and white portrait photography to be an artistic form of expression. They believe that black and white portraits are more of a fine art than color portraits. Black and white photographs contain a distinct sophistication, summoning memories of a bygone era.They soften facial features and capture the delicacy of shape and contour. It is often suggested that black and white portraits look best displayed in silver, anything antique is especially effective. Displaying new modern black and white portraits with heirloom family portraits is an excellent way to incorporate the past with the present for the preservation of the family?s heritage.

Some photographers are so impressed by the beauty of black and white photography that they specialize only in the photographing of black and white photographs. Many of them believe that the elegance and emotion of occasions like weddings are best captured by the art of black and white portrait photography. Couple photography or family portraits done in black and white can have an exceptionally dramatic effect. A uniform background and clothing color can focus attention on the baby and the family?s loving gaze and embrace become a more impressive and inspiring image, symbolic of their family?s love and devotion.

Though some photographers still prefer traditional film processing, most of them utilize modern digital cameras. Digital portrait photography allows for greater versatility. The majority of black and white portraits are originally shot in color. State of the art technology can then be used to manipulate the photographs to convert them to gray scale. Specialized software is used to erase imperfections, lighten tones, and deepen shadows allowing for flawless, exquisite black and white portraits. One can also check http://photographersinc.co.nz/family out for more information.

Tags: photography, portrait photography

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Chisel out some space for an iPad mini or iPhone charging dock

These charging docks from iSkelter look like no others I’ve seen. ?The Chisel docks for iPad mini, iPhone 4/4S, or iPhone 5 are made of bamboo. ?Space for the device has been “chiseled” out of the block of wood, and a channel controls the charging cable to prevent tangles. ?The stands can be used horizontally [...]

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Itchy wool sweaters explained

Thursday, January 3, 2013

Johns Hopkins researchers have uncovered strong evidence that mice have a specific set of nerve cells that signal itch but not pain, a finding that may settle a decades-long debate about these sensations, and, if confirmed in humans, help in developing treatments for chronic itch, including itch caused by life-saving medications.

At the heart of their discovery is a type of sensory nerve cell whose endings receive information from the skin and relay it to other nerves in the spinal cord, which then coordinates a response to the stimulus. Published online Dec. 23 in Nature Neuroscience, a report on the research suggests that even when the itch-specific nerve cells receive stimuli that are normally pain-inducing, the message they send isn't "That hurts!" but rather "That itches!"

Pain and itch are both important sensations that help organisms survive. And pain is arguably more important because it tells us to withdraw the pained body part in order to prevent tissue damage. But itch also warns us of the presence of irritants, as in an allergic reaction. However, "when either of these sensations continues for weeks or months, they are no longer helpful. We even see patients stop taking life-saving medications because they cause such horrible itchiness all over," says Xinzhong Dong, a Howard Hughes early career scientist and associate professor of neuroscience at the Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "And sometimes when we try to suppress chronic pain, with morphine for example, we end up causing chronic itchiness. So the two sensations are somehow related, and this study has begun to untangle them," he says.

Because nerve cells send their messages as electrical currents that flow through them just as they would through wires, scientists can plug tiny monitors into individual nerve cells to detect the moment of stimulation. The scientific controversy over pain and itch centers around a group of nerve cells known to respond electrically to painful stimuli such as molecules of capsaicin, the fiery ingredient in chili peppers. A small subset of these nerve cells also responds electrically to itchy stimuli because they have on their surfaces receptors for molecules like histamine. One of these itchy receptors, called MrgA3, binds the anti-malaria drug chloroquine, causing serious itchiness in many patients.

Sensory nerve scientists have not known whether the nerves with itchy receptors and pain receptors were actually sending both types of messages to the brain, or just itch messages. What the current study found is that, in nerves with the itchy receptor MrgA3, electrical signals sent in response to both painful and itchy stimuli are interpreted by the brain as itch.

To reach this conclusion, the researchers first used a genetic trick to label the MrgA3 cells in mice with a glowing protein that allowed them to see the cells under the microscope. Aided by the glow, they were able to plug in those tiny electricity monitors and watch nerve cell responses to different stimuli. The cells transmitted electrical signals when the mice were exposed to itch-inducing chloroquine and histamine, as well as pain-inducing capsaicin and heat. Based on this result, the researchers tentatively concluded that the cells could send both pain and itch signals.

In the next experiment, the researchers monitored the behavioral responses of mice to the different stimuli. As expected, when the tails of normal mice were placed in hot water, they quickly pulled them out; when normal mice were given a bit of chloroquine or histamine, they scratched vigorously with their hind legs.

Then, to examine the role of MrgA3 cells in pain and itch, the scientists selectively killed MrgA3 nerve cells in adult mice and retested their responses. Presumably, the researchers noted, because MrgA3 cells are only a small fraction of all pain-sensing nerve cells, the mice had normal withdrawal responses to painful stimuli like hot water. However, when exposed to itchy stimuli, their scratching responses were reduced to varying degrees depending on the stimulus, most significantly in response to chloroquine. The fact that some stimuli still caused scratching suggested to the scientists that MrgA3 cells are not the only ones in the body that respond to itch. "We were convinced that MrgA3 cells are responsible for much of the sensation of itch, but it wasn't yet clear whether MrgA3 cells could also relay painful information," says Dong.

In their final experiments, the scientists used genetic techniques to create mice in which the MrgA3 cells were the only cells in the body capable of responding to capsaicin, that peppery pain-inducing substance. When injected into the cheeks of mice, normal mice massage the area with their forepaws to relieve the hot sensation. When injected into the experimental mice, they vigorously scratched their cheeks with their hind legs, suggesting that this normally painful stimulus had been communicated to the brain ? by MrgA3 cells ? as itchiness.

"Now that we have disentangled these itchy sensations from painful ones, we should be able to design drugs that target itch-specific nerve cells to combat chronic itchiness," says Dong. "We hope that this will not only provide relief, but also increase people's faithfulness to their drug plans, particularly for deadly diseases like malaria and cancer."

###

Johns Hopkins Medicine: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org

Thanks to Johns Hopkins Medicine for this article.

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